Child Development

Cognitive abilities of children aged 2 – 3 years more and more complex. The development of children aged 2 – 3 years marked by several stages of ability that can be achieved by children, is as follows:

1. Symbolic thinking.

2-year-olds children have the ability to use symbols in the form of words, mental images or action that represents something. One of the other forms of symbolic thinking is a fantasy, something that can be used when children play. Approaching the third age, children increasingly complex capabilities, where the child had started using substitute objects from real objects. For example children up with pillows so that resembled a car and considered a racing car.

2. Classify, sort out and count.

In his third year, children able to group their toys according to its form. For example, distinguishing groups of car toys from animal toys. In addition to grouping, children are also able to arrange blocks in order of size and know the difference between one with a few (the ability to calculate).

3. Increased ability to remember.

The ability to remember of the child will increase at the age of 8 months to 3 years. Around the age of 2 years, children can recall pleasant events that happened several months earlier. They also can understand and remember two simple commands delivered together. Entering the age of 2.5 to 3 years, children are able to say again the words contained in one or two lullabies.

4. The growing understanding of the concept.

When he reached the age of 18 months, the child understands the time for the first time, that is understanding “before” and “after”. Further understanding of “today”. At the age of 2.5 years, children begin to understand the notion of “tomorrow”, followed by “yesterday” and understanding the day-to-day a week at the age of 3 years.

5. Peak speech and language development.

At the age of about 36 months, the child’s vocabulary can be reached by 1000 (they understand 80% of those words). At this age children usually begin to talk much about the people around him, especially the father, mother and other family members.

PERTUMBUHAN FISIK & KESEHATAN REMAJA

oleh : Melly Latifah (2008)

1. Definisi Remaja

Remaja didefinisikan sebagai tahap perkembangan transisi yang membawa individu dari masa kanak-kanak ke masa dewasa, yang ditandai dengan perubahan fisik karena pubertas serta perubahan kognitif dan sosial. Menurut Seifert dan Hoffnung (1987), periode ini umumnya dimulai sekitar usia 12 tahun hingga akhir masa pertumbuhan fisik, yaitu sekitar usia 20 tahun.

2. Pandangan Teoritis tentang Remaja

Ada dua pandangan teoritis tentang remaja. Menurut pandangan teoritis pertama – yang dicetuskan oleh psikolog G. Stanley Hall – : adolescence is a time of “storm and stress “. Artinya, remaja adalah masa yang penuh dengan “badai dan tekanan jiwa”, yaitu masa di mana terjadi perubahan besar secara fisik, intelektual dan emosional pada seseorang yang menyebabkan kesedihan dan kebimbangan (konflik) pada yang bersangkutan, serta menimbulkan konflik dengan lingkungannya (Seifert & Hoffnung, 1987). Dalam hal ini, Sigmund Freud dan Erik Erikson meyakini bahwa perkembangan di masa remaja penuh dengan konflik. Keyakinan ini tercermin dari teori mereka tentang perkembangan manusia.
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